Decoded: What causes stuttering.

Stuttering is caused by a reduced blood flow in speech processing areas of the brain, a study by researchers has showed. 

The findings showed that regional cerebral blood flow is reduced in the Broca’s area — the region in the frontal lobe of the brain linked to speech production. 

In addition, a greater abnormality of cerebral blood flow in the posterior language loop — associated with processing of words that we hear — correlates with more severe stuttering.

According to researchers, a common patho-physiology throughout the neural “language” loop that connects the frontal and posterior temporal lobe likely contributes to stuttering severity.

“When other portions of the brain circuit related to speech were also affected according to our blood flow measurements, we saw more severe stuttering in both children and adults,” said lead author Jay Desai, MD, clinical neurologist at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) in California. 

In the study,  the researchers were able to zero in on the Broca’s area as well as related brain circuitry specifically linked to speech, using regional cerebral blood flow as a measure of brain activity, since blood flow is typically coupled with neural activity.
“Blood flow was inversely correlated to the degree of stuttering — the more severe the stuttering, the less blood flow to this part of the brain,  said Desai, adding that the study results were “quite striking”. 

The study was published in the journal Human Brain Mapping.

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Breastfed babies recover well from stuttering

A new study has found that kids who are breastfed during infancy are more likely to recover from stuttering and return to fluent speech.

The analysis found a dose-dependent association between breastfeeding and a child's likelihood of recovering from stuttering, with children who were breastfed longer more likely to recover.

Boys, who are disproportionately affected by stuttering, appeared to benefit the most.

Boys in the study who breastfed for more than a year had approximately one-sixth the odds of developing persistent stuttering than boys who never breastfed, the team found.

The researchers  found no evidence that income or maternal education had any influence on stuttering in their sample.

The researchers questioned the mothers about their children's willingness and ability to breastfeed, and also found no evidence of an underlying neurological problem that could have inhibited the children's ability to breastfeed and to speak fluently later in life.

"We've known for years that both genetic and environmental factors contributed to stuttering, but our understanding of the specific environmental variables in play has been murky," said a researcher.

"These findings could improve our understanding of stuttering persistence and recovery," the researcher said.

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