Cervical cancer is 2nd most diagnosed cancer in India

Cervical cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in India, according to Dr D. Leela, Gynaecology Oncologist of Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (HBCH&RC) at Aganampudi in Visakhapatnam. She was speaking after screening mother-daughter pairs at Visakha Vimala Vidyalayam at Pedagantyada on Friday.

She said a mother’s awareness about symptoms and risk factors for cancer has a large impact on the daughter’s knowledge and attitude. As a cancer prevention measure, mother and adolescent daughter pairs are selected as sample cases, because they are the target population at risk of carcinoma cervix.
Mothers aged 30 years and above are screened for breast and cervical cancer. Daughters, aged between 10–14 years, are given two doses of HPV vaccination at an interval of six months while those above 15 years are given three doses at 0, 2 and 6 months interval to protect them against HPV infection, thereby preventing cervical cancer, Dr Leela explained.

Dr D. Raghunatha Rao, director of HBCH&RC, said in a bid to prevent incidence of cervical cancer, the hospital has adopted remote villages like Appapuram and Dhana-nipeta in Srikakulam district for complete screening of all women and vaccination of all girls against HPV virus, wh-ich causes the cancer. Till now, they screened over 100 pairs of mother-daughter.

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Researchers discover link between heart disease and early periods, menopause

Women who started menstruating at the age of 11 or younger, or entered menopause before 47, face a higher risk of heart disease and stroke, according to a study published.

Miscarriage, stillbirth, undergoing a hysterectomy, and bearing children at a young age were also associated with elevated odds of cardiovascular problems later in life, researchers found. The additional risk varied from only a few percentage points to more than 40 percent, they reported in a journal. 

The findings are not the first to uncover a link between reproductive factors and cardiovascular diseases, and the data do not show a causal relationship, the authors cautioned. But their findings do strengthen the association, and suggest that women with premature reproductive cycles or a history of adverse events should be frequently screened for heart trouble and conditions leading to blood clots.      
The scientists drew data from a long-term health survey in Britain that monitored and tested more than a quarter of a million women from 2006 to 2016. The women's average age was 56 when monitoring began. More than four-fifths had been pregnant, and nearly half had two children. On average, they started having their periods at 13, and had their first child at 26.

In 2016, two-thirds of the women had gone through menopause, at an average age of 50. The study showed that women who began menstruating before the age of 12 faced a 10 percent greater risk of cardiovascular disease compared to those who were 13 or older. For those who went through menopause before the age of 47, the risk for cardiovascular disease rose by 33 percent, and for stroke alone by 42 percent.   

Miscarriages were likewise linked with a greater danger of heart disease, with each stillbirth increasing the risk by six percent.  A hysterectomy was associated with a 20 percent higher chance of developing heart disease, the team found.

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