Neural Stem Cells Grown From Blood Could Revolutionize Medicine

The scientists hope that their findings will improve regenerative medicine, a kind of treatment in which new cells help rejuvenate the body. Specifically, the neural stem cells could grow into either the neurons found in the central nervous system or the glial cells that support and protect those neurons. Both could help treat people who have survived strokes or been diagnosed with neurological diseases.

Previous research that reprogrammed cells into stem cells was never as useful in a medical context because those cells couldn’t continue to multiply, and sometimes grew tumours called teratomas , according to the research.

While this new type of stem cell shows promise for future regenerative medicine, there’s still a ways to go.

Additionally, it’s important to note that the team’s findings show only a new method of programming stem cells, rather than any actual medical applications. But given recent years' progress in stem cell research and utility, it’s safe to assume doctors will want to find a way to use these new cells soon.

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Scientists turn skin cells into stem cells that kill brain cancer

For the first time, scientists have turned skin cells into cancer-hunting stem cells that destroy brain tumors known as glioblastoma. The discovery could offer, for the first time in more than 30 years, a new and more effective treatment for the deadly disease.

The survival rate beyond two years for a patient with a glioblastoma is 30 percent because it is so difficult to treat. Even if a surgeon removes most of the tumor, it's nearly impossible to get the invasive, cancerous tendrils that spread deeper into the brain and inevitably the remnants grow back.

 

 The technique builds upon the newest version of the Nobel Prize-winning technology from 2007, which allowed researchers to turn skin cells into embryonic-like stem cells. Researchers hailed the possibilities for use in regenerative medicine and drug screening. Now, researchers have found a new use: killing brain cancer.
“Patients desperately need a better standard of care,” says a researcher.

 
The survival rate beyond two years for a patient with a glioblastoma is 30 percent because it is so difficult to treat. Even if a surgeon removes most of the tumor, it’s nearly impossible to get the invasive, cancerous tendrils that spread deeper into the brain and inevitably the remnants grow back. Most patients die within a year and a half of their diagnosis.
Researchers believe that developing a new personalized treatment for glioblastoma that starts with a patient’s own skin cells could improve those statistics, with a goal of getting rid of the cancerous tendrils, effectively killing the glioblastoma.

 

 For the new study, published in a journal , researchers reprogrammed skin cells known as fibroblasts—which produce collagen and connective tissue—to become induced neural stem cells. Working with mice, the team showed that these neural stem cells have an innate ability to move throughout the brain and home in on and kill any remaining cancer cells. The team also showed that the stem cells could be engineered to produce a tumor-killing protein, adding another blow to the cancer.
Depending on the type of tumor, the researchers increased survival time of the mice by 160 to 220 percent. Next steps will focus on human stem cells and testing more effective anti-cancer drugs that can be loaded into the tumor-seeking neural stem cells.
“Our work represents the newest evolution of the stem-cell technology that won said a researcher. “We wanted to find out if these induced neural stem cells would home in on cancer cells and whether they could be used to deliver a therapeutic agent. This is the first time this direct reprogramming technology has been used to treat cancer.”
The researchers are also currently improving the staying power of stem cells within the surgical cavity. They discovered that the stem cells needed a physical matrix to support and organize them, so they will hang around long enough to seek out the cancerous tendrils.

 

“Without a structure like that, the stem cells wander off too quickly to do any good,” says the scientist, who reported these findings.

For that study, researchers added stem cells to an FDA-approved fibrin sealant commonly used as surgical glue. The physical matrix it creates tripled the retention of stem cells in the surgical cavity, providing further support for the applicability and strength of the technique.

 

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New method to kill brain cancer with skin cells

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 In a first, researchers have developed a method to turn skin cells into cancer-hunting stem cells that can destroy brain tumours known as glioblastoma.

The discovery can offer, for the first time in more than 30 years, a new and more effective treatment for the disease, the study said.

"Patients desperately need a better standard of care," said Shawn Hingtgen, assistant professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the US.

The survival rate beyond two years for a patient with glioblastoma is 30 percent because it is so difficult to treat.

Even if a surgeon removes most of the tumour, it is nearly impossible to get the invasive, cancerous tendrils that spread deeper into the brain and inevitably the remnants grow back.

The new technique, reported in the journal Nature Communications, builds upon the newest version of the Nobel Prize-winning technology from 2007, which allowed researchers to turn skin cells into embryonic-like stem cells. 

 In their work, the research team reprogrammed skin cells known as fibroblasts - which produce collagen and connective tissue -- to become induced neural stem cells.


Working with mice, Hingtgen's team showed that these neural stem cells have an innate ability to move throughout the brain and home in on and kill any remaining cancer cells.

The team also showed that these stem cells could be engineered to produce a tumour-killing protein, adding another blow to the cancer.

Depending on the type of tumour, Hingtgen's team increased survival time of the mice from 160 to 220 percent.

The next steps will focus on human stem cells and testing more effective anti-cancer drugs that can be loaded into the tumour-seeking neural stem cells.