Early menopause may raise the risk of cardiovascular issues

Researchers suggest that attaining menopause before the age of 40 is linked to several heart  conditions in women.

In the largest, single study to-date of diverse heart disease risks relative to age at menopause, researchers used the UK Biobank to examine data on more than 144,000 postmenopausal women ( average age of 60), including about 4,900 women who experienced menopause before age 40 after their ovaries were removed surgically.

During an average of 7 years of follow-up, researchers found that women who had experienced premature menopause were  significantly more likely to develop conventional heart disease risk facttors, such as high blood pressure, high levels of " bad" cholesterol and tyep 2 diabetes.

Even after accounting for conventional risk factors, women with premature menopause still had a significantly increased risk of coronary artery disease, heart failure, thickening and narrowing of the arotic valve, atrial fibrillation ( an abnormal heart rhythm) and blood clots forming in the legs or lungs.

The heart disease risks were higher for women who experienced menopause due to surgery compared to natural menopause. Some of this risk difference may be explained by differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Whether or not a woman took hormones for menopausal symptoms did not change the cardiovascular risks.

Menopausal age prior to age 50 had a dose-dependent effect on cardiovascular disease risk, meaning risk continued to increase with younger menopausal ages and increased cardiovascular risks lasted for decades after menopause.

Our study reinforces the importance of menopause history in informing a woman's risk of future heart disease, said the lead author of the study.

Women should make sure their physician knows their menopause history, particularly of they experiences menopause before age 40. History of premature menopause should prompt physicians to refine the patient's estimated future risks for heart disease and to work toward lowering their heart disease risks, added the author.

He said early evaluations could lead to intervention and medication recommendations. 

Whether or not medications are warranted, eating a heart-healthy diet and exercising regularly may be especially important for women with a history of premature menopause, he said.

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Mental Health Program for Mood & Anxiety Disorders Improve Patient Outcomes

In a recent study, researchers found that treatment at ‘First Episode Mood and Anxiety Program’ (FEMAP), a mental health program for youth with mood and anxiety disorders, led to improved patient outcomes.
 
FEMAP provides treatment to emerging adults, ages 16 to 25, with emotional concerns that fall into the categories of mood and anxiety symptoms. The treatment takes a patient-centered approach in a youth-friendly setting where patients receive care from a multidisciplinary team.

 “FEMAP helped me to understand that there wasn’t something wrong with me and that I wasn’t alone in the way that I felt. I learned to cope and deal with things in more constructive ways that made things so much easier. Before entering the program, I had trouble finishing school, no job prospects and couldn’t hold down a relationship. Now, three years out of the program, I have a great job, am married and own a house, which are things I never thought would be possible,” said a research participant.

The study included 370 youth. Before beginning treatment, they were, on average, experiencing moderate depression, moderate anxiety and low satisfaction with their quality of health.
Of 370 youth eligible for treatment, 322 attended a clinical assessment. The research team found that those who disengaged early had less severe symptoms than those who stayed engaged.
Follow-up questionnaires were completed by 174 youth approximately six months into treatment. The research team discovered significant improvements in patient outcomes, including a reduction in mood and anxiety symptoms, improved functioning and a higher quality of health satisfaction.
“These results demonstrate the effectiveness of early intervention programs offering personalized treatment that adjusts to patient’s needs and wishes. The data suggests our model is successful in helping patients manage their mood and anxiety disorders,” said a Dr.

“Our results suggest FEMAP provides access to mental health care in the most appropriate settings by preventing ED visits, demonstrating the health system potential of this novel treatment program,” notes an Associate Scientist. 

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