Sunday, June 21, 2020

27 protein biomarkers predict COVID-19 severity in patients

Some patients infected with the novel coronavirus may experience only mild symptoms, while others may need medical care due to severe illness. People who are at a high risk of developing severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) include older adults and those with underlying health conditions. However, severe disease has also been seen in young people with no underlying disease.

Now, a blood test can help predict COVID-19 severity in infected patients, as described in the journal  Cell Systems. 

A team of scientists at London, England's Francis Crick Institute and Germany's Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin has shown that certain chemicals present in the blood of patients infected by the novel coronavirus can predict whether they will develop severe disease.

Protein biomarkers

The team has found 27 key proteins in the blood of those infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. They used these proteins as predictive biomarkers of how ill a patient could become due to the viral infection.

To arrive at their findings, the researchers polished an analysis method known as mass spectrometry to rapidly test for the presence and level of various proteins in the blood plasma. Developed at the Francis Crick, the platform was applied to evaluate and study the serum of 31 patients with COVID-19 at the Berlin University hospital Charite.

The results were validated and confirmed in 17 COVID-19 patients at the same hospital and 15 healthy controls.

Of the 27 key proteins detected, three were tied to interleukin IL-6, a protein that triggers inflammation and a known marker for severe symptoms. The team also suggested that treatments may include drugs that can target these proteins, to alleviate some coronavirus symptoms.

Developing a protein biomarker test

The biomarkers could also help in the development of a test that can help predict how ill a might get when infected with the virus. Further, it can help provide new targets for developing potential therapeutics for the deadly disease. The results of such tests could guide clinicians in deciding what treatment to give.

Patients with COVID-19 respond differently to the illness, with some developing no symptoms at all, while others suffer a fatal infection. A test that can help doctors predict the severity of illness is vital.

"A test to help doctors predict whether a COVID-19 patient is likely to become critical or not would be invaluable. It will help them make decisions about how to best manage the disease for each patient as well as identify those most at risk. We hope the biomarkers we've identified will lead to the development of these vitally needed tests," Christoph Messner, one of the lead authors and postdoc in the Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory at the Crick, said. 

The researchers also hope that the robust method they have used in the study can be applied to other diseases. Also, they added, even if the method was not explicitly developed for COVID-19, it has proven highly valuable to gain new insights into the disease.

The coronavirus pandemic has now infected more than 6.5 million people worldwide, and the death toll has topped 385,000. Of those who had been infected, more than 2.80 million have already recovered.

The United States is the hardest-hit country, with more than 1.85 million confirmed cases and at least 107,000 deaths.

Brazil follows the U.S. with more than 584,000 people infected with SARS-CoV-2, and a death toll surpassing 32,000. Russia, the United Kingdom, and Spain report high infection rates with 431,715 cases, 281,270 cases, and 240,326 cases, respectively.

Some countries report high fatality rates due to an overwhelmed health care system and the uncertainties of the viral infection. Having a simple blood test to determine who is at high risk will help reduce the number of deaths tied to COVID-19.

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Sunday, April 26, 2020

'Asymptomatic transmission Achilles’ heel of COVID-19 strategies'

Calling for unprecedented measures to defeat COVID-19, researchers form University of California, San Francisco have said that asymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has made controlling the spread of the disease all the more difficult.

SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that is responsible for COVID-19 which has so far affected 2.9 million people in the world and killed over 200,000.

Controlling the disease therefore requires testing of even asymptomatic cases in different population settings such as prisons, enclosed mental health facilities, homeless shelters, hospitalised inpatients and other congregate living situations, the researchers argued in an editorial published in the The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) on April 24.

"Ultimately, the rapid spread of Covid-19 across the United States and the globe, the clear evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from asymptomatic persons, and the eventual need to relax current social distancing practices argue for broadened SARS-CoV-2 testing to include asymptomatic persons in prioritised settings," wrote the authors Monica Gandhi, Deborah S. Yokoe and Diane V. Havlir.
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The authors also argued that these factors support the case for the general public to use face masks when in crowded outdoor or indoor spaces.

In India, the Union Health Ministry on April 20 said that 80 per cent of the COVID-19 cases are either asymptomatic or with mild symptoms.

When Covid-19 burst onto the global scene, public health officials thought deploying interventions that were used to control severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 might yield similar results.

These strategies included symptom-based case detection and subsequent testing to guide isolation and quarantine.

In their editorial at NEJM, the researchers from University of California, San Francisco pointed out that there are differences in transmission and spread of SARS-CoV-1 and SARSCoV-2.

SARS was controlled within 8 months after SARS-CoV-1 had infected about 8100 persons in limited geographic areas.

In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 has infected much more people within five months, the researchers pointed out, adding that it is spreading around the world even now very rapidly.

"A key factor in the transmissibility of Covid-19 is the high level of SARS-CoV-2 shedding in the upper respiratory tract, even among presymptomatic patients, which distinguishes it from SARS-CoV-1, where replication occurs mainly in the lower respiratory tract," the authors wrote.

"Viral loads with SARS-CoV-1, which are associated with symptom onset, peak a median of 5 days later than viral loads with SARS-CoV-2, which makes symptom-based detection of infection more effective in the case of SARS CoV-1," they added.


This is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.     

https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations  
https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes    
https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement

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