Behavioral disorders in children tied to gut bacteria

Behavioral disorders in children could be tied to the bacteria in their gut. That's according to some brand new research out of the University of Oregon and Oregon State University.

The study looked at 40 kids in the Pacific Northwest between the ages of 5 and 7.

The researchers' goal was to see if there was any relationship between the kinds of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tracts of the children and their behaviors. Specifically, they wanted to see if there was any link between what was in the children's gut and behavioral disorders.

They discovered there was.

They found children with behavioral problems did, in fact, have different micro-organisms in their guts than those who did not.

"Over the long run, if we're able to show that the microbiome does indeed drive the emergence of behavior then it suggests we may be able to modify, manipulate or manage the microbiome to help manage or control the development of behavior in children," said OSU microbiologist Dr. Thomas Sharpton.

The researchers' next step is to expand the study to more children and then follow those children over several years to see if changes in their gut bacteria is linked to changes in behavior over a period of time.

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This new method can help identify aggressive breast cancer

Aggressive forms of breast cancer often manipulate the immune response in their favour. This manipulation is revealed in humans by the same immunological ‘signature’ as in mice, as has been found by the researchers.

This method makes it possible to obtain an indication of the prognosis of the disease using patients’ tumour tissue. 

When a tumour starts to grow in the body, it usually does not go unnoticed by the immune system. Macrophages, a certain form of the body’s own defence troops, migrate to the cancer cells. They are supposed to flow around the diseased cells, digest them and thus eliminate them. But sometimes tumour cells manage to escape their adversaries. Not just that! They even use the macrophages for their own purposes and grow even faster as a result.

To do this, they reprogram the immune cells. They ensure that certain genes in the macrophages are switched off and others switched on. This changes the genetic “signature” of the macrophages.

“This changed signature, in turn, reveals whether the tumour has a good or bad prognosis,” explains  a Dr.  from the LIMES Institute (the acronym stands for ‘Life and Medical Sciences’) at the University of Bonn.

In order to identify the changes caused by the tumour, it is necessary to know which genes are normally active in the macrophages. However, this varies considerably, depending on the organ in which the scavenger cells perform their service.

In addition, tumour-induced changes are not always identical but differ from one patient to another. “Depending on which mutation is responsible for breast cancer, other functions are switched on or off in the macrophages,” stresses the Dr.

“We have now searched these animals for the signature of the scavenger cells in the tumours,” says the Dr. To this end, the bioinformatics expert and his colleagues isolated macrophages from mice affected by breast cancer and compared them with those from healthy breast tissue.

Researchers have also found almost identical signatures in the scavenger cells of many breast cancer patients. “In this case, it was possible to transfer the mouse results directly to humans,” explains  a Prof., head of the Genomics and Immunoregulation team at the LIMES Institute.

“However, the prerequisite was that the patients suffered from the same form of breast cancer as the animals.” The results also demonstrate how important it is to develop specific mouse models depending on the type of cancer.

The results can be used not just to predict tumour aggressiveness. After all, the signature also provides information on the cancer cells’ survival strategies. This may eventually lead to the development of new countermeasures. “However, it will certainly take many years for new treatment options to emerge if any,” adds the Dr.

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