Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery less invasive, makes recovery faster

A research has shown that thoracoscopic lobectomy- video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) - together with pulmonary artery sealing using an ultrasonic energy device decreased the risk of post-operative bleeding, complications and pain.

"I truly hope that the results of our clinical trial will reassure surgeons about the technical feasibility and safety of this operation and will encourage them to adopt it. A large number of patients could benefit from it and would be on their feet faster, with less pain," said one of the researchers.

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Unlike surgery with thoracotomy, which involves making a 25 cm incision in the patient's chest and cutting the ribs, a VATS procedure requires small incision.

A miniature video camera is inserted through one of the incisions. In both types of surgical interventions, there is a risk of bleeding because the branches of the pulmonary artery are very thin, fragile and are attached directly to the heart.

"Thanks to this clinical trial conducted in Canadian, American and British hospitals, we have shown that it is possible to safely seal pulmonary blood vessels through ultrasonic sealing and effectively control possible bleeding during a VATS procedure," explained the Dr.

Currently, only 15 per cent of lobectomies around the world are performed by VATS, mainly because of the actual risks of major bleeding or surgeons' perception of these risks.

This team has recently completed its large international clinical trial launched in 2016.

The study was able to evaluate the effectiveness of this new technique on 150 patients in eight hospitals across Canada, the U.S.A. and the U.K. 139 of them underwent a lobectomy, while the remaining 11 underwent a segmentectomy (removal of a small part of the lung).

A total of 424 pulmonary artery branches were sealed during the study: 181 using surgical staplers, four with endoscopic clips and 239 using the HARMONIC ACE(r) +7 Shears, designed by the company. With a 3-millimetre jaw at its tip, this high-tech "pistol" allows a surgeon to seal blood vessels by delivering ultrasonic energy. According to the WHO, lung cancer kills nearly 1.69 million people around the world every year.

How team sports helps the brain memorise and multi-task

Playing a structured team sports such as cricket, football and hockey brings physical and mental health benefits that go beyond fitness and weight loss, and last a lifetime.

All 5-17 year olds must play active team sports or be participate in moderate to intense physical activity that leaves them breathless for a few minutes after they stop running for at least 60 minutes every day, recommends the World Health Organization.

What’s now known is the brain-gain associated with playing sports. Physical activity feeds the brain with oxygen the brain needs to function to memorise, multitask and stay energised. The human brain accounts for around 2% of the body weight but uses up about 20% of the body’s oxygen supply. 

While there are exceptions to the rule, depriving the brain of oxygen for more than one minute can make brain cells atrophy and after three minutes, the neural damage can be permanent.

Team sports led to positive changes in the brains of preteen children and lowered their risk of depression, found a study of more than 4,000 children in the US released on Thursday.

Past studies have shown people with depression have smaller hippocampus, a region in the brain that controls memory and stress response. Children who participated in team sports, which typically involve social interaction and structured play, had larger hippocampus and less depression, found the study that used brain scans to measure the hippocampus volume in children ages 9 to 11 years.

The anti-depressant fix was there only for those who played structured sports and to smaller extent in those who played informal sports. Children involved in non-sport activities, such as music or art, showed no such benefits, according to the study.

Multitasking skills
Children and teenagers who participate in sports have highly honed motion perception skills that allows them quickly grasp complex and dynamic visual scenes. A study,  show that athletes have thicker cerebral cortex in a few areas of the brain like the superior temporal sulcus, which plays a role in biological motion perception and processing socially-relevant stimuli.

Biological motion perception involves the capacity to recognise unpredictable human movements, which helps players anticipate their opponents’ movements in the field and avoid collisions on and off it. This also makes them better at multitasking while moving, which helps them negotiate crowded places.

Building bone
Apart from visibly adding to muscle gain, sports also help build bone. Physical activity, along with Vitamin D, calcium and hormones, builds optimal bone mass, which protects against bone stress injuries and osteoporosis in later life, reported a study. While exercise has a variable impact on bone health at different stages of life, adolescence and teenage years are crucial as there is a up to 50% increase in total body bone mass between the ages of 12 and 18 years.

Bone strength and density peaks by the late 20s, so the bone mass built through sports in childhood lasts throughout life. Once people cross 30 years, they need strength training and proper nutrition, including calcium and vitamin D, to maintain bone health.

For adults, the American College of Sports Medicine recommends weight-bearing endurance and plyometric (jump training) exercise three to five times a week, and moderate- to high-resistance exercise two to three times a week, for 30 to 60 minutes to maintain bone health and build muscle, which improves balance and prevent falls and fractures as we age.

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