Here is how scientists are finding a cure for coronavirus

Scientists across the world are trying to develop a line of treatment and a possible vaccine for COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, which has infected over 100,000 people and claimed over 4,000 lives. Even the most optimistic timelines, however, don’t see a line of treatment or vaccine arriving before next year. Meanwhile, a global effort is on to collect and analyse the genetic composition of the new virus, which would be key to developing a cure and a vaccine.

Coronavirus outbreak: What kind of genetic information is being studied?

Laboratories in various countries have been isolating and sharing the genome sequences of the virus on an international platform. Whole genome sequencing is the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome at a single time. Genome sequence is the unique code of genetic material of any organism, and determines the characteristic of any organism. The gene composition of novel coronavirus, for instance, is different from that of the influenza virus. Every organism has a unique genome sequence.

Scientists across the world are trying to develop a line of treatment and a possible vaccine for COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, which has infected over 100,000 people and claimed over 4,000 lives. Even the most optimistic timelines, however, don’t see a line of treatment or vaccine arriving before next year. Meanwhile, a global effort is on to collect and analyse the genetic composition of the new virus, which would be key to developing a cure and a vaccine.

Coronavirus outbreak: What kind of genetic information is being studied?

Laboratories in various countries have been isolating and sharing the genome sequences of the virus on an international platform. Whole genome sequencing is the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome at a single time. Genome sequence is the unique code of genetic material of any organism, and determines the characteristic of any organism. The gene composition of novel coronavirus, for instance, is different from that of the influenza virus. Every organism has a unique genome sequence.

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Rare bone cancer of skull, spine may be treated with existing medication

Here's a ray of hope for patients with a rare bone cancer of the skull and spine - chordoma, as now they can be helped by existing drugs, suggests a new study.

According to researchers, existing drugs could help chordoma patients.

The scientists  showed that a group of chordoma patients have mutations in genes that are the target of existing drugs, known as the PI3K inhibitors.

They suggested a clinical trial of the PI3K inhibitors for this particular group of chordoma patients, who could benefit from existing treatments.

The team used whole genome sequencing to gain a better understanding of the biology underlying chordoma.

The results revealed a promising new treatment options for a cancer with a poor prognosis.

They studied chordoma tumours from 104 patients and found that 16 per cent of the tumour samples had genetic changes, or mutations, in PI3K signalling genes.

These genes are the target of existing drugs, known as PI3K inhibitors, which are being used to treat many cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer and lymphoma, but have not yet been considered for chordoma.

The team also discovered a new cancer gene that is specific to chordoma, known as LYST, which has not been found in any other cancer. This finding warrants future research.

First author said, "By sequencing the tumours' DNA, we get a much clearer view of the genetic changes that drive chordoma."

"We have shown that a particular group of chordoma patients could be treated with PI3K inhibitors, based on their mutations. This would have been missed had we not done genomic sequencing of their tumours," Dr. added.

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