What is laparoscopy, uses and advantages

Laparoscopy is a boon for surgeons and patients alike, as very small cuts are made on the belly, to insert a thin, lighted tube to look at the internal organs.

Gastrointestinal surgery
Removal of the gall bladder and appendix by laparoscopy is now a common occurrence. In advanced centres even the most complicated surgeries can be performed with ease, so a patient with severe pain due to a burst appendix or a gall bladder full of pus can have laparoscopic surgery with early recovery. Huge progress is now being made in surgeries of other conditions like hernias, the small and large intestine, liver and spleen. In fact, laparoscopy is the best way to repair hernias with the least risk of recurrence.

Emergency situations
An important application in emergency situations, especially accidents and severe pain of unknown origin, laparoscopy has been shown to play a crucial role in the management of almost every abdominal emergency offering an initial tool to evaluate the need for surgery as compared with the open surgery. It is a valid alternative in the treatment of the cause of severe pain in abdomen, where surgery can be avoided in many cases and many cases can be managed with laparoscopy leading to almost no pain and early recovery.

Cancers
Cancers, which are surgically resectable can be removed by carefully following all the principles, thus significantly reducing the treatment time and allowing vigorous treatments to be given.

Obesity
Another important application is in the field of obesity surgery. Operating on obese patients is a big challenge and bigger incisions lead to severe pain. However, laparoscopy takes away all these disadvantages and makes it possible to perform weight-loss surgery with lesser complications.

Gynecology and infertility
Another important application of laparoscopy is in the field of gynecology and infertility. It is now possible to treat disorders like endometriosis, which is a common cause of infertility and also to document any other causes of infertility. Removal of the uterus and ovaries is also done by this technique along with surgery for ectopic pregnancy (condition in which pregnancy takes place in a place other than the uterine cavity).

Use of laparoscopy for the diagnosis of acute pain during pregnancy is safe and effective. In fact, one in 500 pregnant women will require surgery for conditions like gallstones, acute appendicitis or other surgical conditions and many studies have proved that laparoscopy improves maternal and fetal outcome.

Laparoscopy involves creating small holes in the abdomen after filling it up with CO2 and inserting the camera through one of these holes, instruments through other holes and operating while visualising on the monitor. The two major advantages as opposed to open surgery are illumination and magnification.

Advantages of laparoscopy
-Smaller incisions-as small as 5 mm
-Minimal blood loss
-Reduction of infection
-Negligible postoperative pain, patients are can walk 2 hours after the surgery
-Speedy recovery, much faster than open surgery
-Early return to normal activity. Patients go back to their office in around 1 week, they can drive and take the stairs
-Minimum respiratory and digestive complications, as breathing and eating is not restricted because of the pain

The wonders of technology when applied to surgery continue to surprise the patients and doctors alike, but here they are all pleasant ones. The biggest reward for a surgeon is when a patient remains pain free and returns back to routine life as fast as a patient without any surgery.

ps- this is only for information, always consult you physician before having any particular food/ medication/exercise/other remedies.

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