Back Pain - Causes

We all know well that early man wasn't walking upright. Once, man started walking upright, it has put a load on our delicate spinal column. Added to it, now, people don't take care of the body, often sit in wrong position, life weight without bending the knees, carry backpack on one shoulder, all these leads to lots of stress on the back, leading to back pain from a very young age. Earlier, lower back pain was one the main complaints of older generation.

The new trend of talking in cell phone hands free, by holding it on your shoulder and bending the head, leads to cervical problem.


Pain in the lower back region may be related to the discs between the vertebrae, lumbar discs, spinal cord and nerves, ligaments around the spine, lower back muscles, and pelvic organs. As with any condition, knowing the early symptoms and following preventive measures can prevent you from complications.

Structure of the spinal column
The human back comprises of a complex structure of ligaments, muscles, tendons, bones, and discs, which are cartilaginous pads acting like cushions between the spinal segments. Any issues arising in any of these components can pave the way for back pain. Due to this complicated structure, the exact cause of back pain can never be found in some cases.

Some common causes of back pain include:   
Strain and sprain 
Ruptured discs 
Bulging discs 
Sciatica 
Arthritis 
Osteoporosis 
Abnormal curvature of the spine 
Spine cancer 
Different types of infections
Prolapsed disc

Risk Factors of Back PainObesity and type 2 diabetes are significant factors leading to the development of the condition. Other risk factors include strenuous physical work, smoking, anxiety, and depression and a sedentary lifestyle.

Symptoms of Back Pain
The primary symptom of back pain is an ache or pain anywhere in the back, which can sometimes extend to the legs and buttocks. Sometimes, back pain is accompanied by other issues as well, such as unexplained weight loss, elevated body temperature, swelling of the back, constant back pain, urinary incontinence, numbness around the genitals and buttocks. If you experience one or more of these symptoms, you must see a physician without further delay.

Diagnosis
Most primary care physicians can diagnose back pain after a thorough physical examination of the patient and without imaging scans. But in case the doctor suspects a back injury, they may order some tests such as a computerized tomography or a magnetic resonance imaging.

Treatment Options
In most cases, the back pain eventually vanishes without any medical intervention. Careful attention, diminishing the risk factors and certain home treatments are all that a patient needs to get rid of the pain. Applying a hot pack or a cold compress, along with taking over the counter medications is adequate for relieving pain. There are two variants of back pain- acute and chronic. In both these cases, medication, physical therapy, cortisone injections and cognitive behavioural therapy can help in relieving the pain to a great extent. The patient may have to undergo surgery in case all these treatment options fail.

Both chronic and acute back pain can be effectively managed with a combination of prescribed and alternative treatments, at times physiotherapy helps, unless they are severe and need surgery. 

In case you have any severe pain, which doesn't get relieved with over the counter tablets, physiotherapy, it is best to consult an expert orthopaedic surgeon to get relief.

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