Not just sex determination, Y chromosome also influences lifespan in men, study reveals

Till now, the all-important Y chromosome — only present in men, and the genes contained on the Y chromosome have mostly been associated with sex determination and sperm production. But scientists have for the first time found that the Y chromosome also influences lifespan in men. 

 It is well known that men have an overall shorter life expectancy compared to women. A study, led by Uppsala University researchers, shows a correlation between a loss of the Y chromosome in blood cells and both a shorter lifespan and higher mortality from cancer in other organs. 

 Men have a shorter average life span than women and both the incidence and mortality in cancer is higher in men than in women. 

 However, the mechanisms and possible risk factors behind this sex-disparity are largely unknown.

 Alterations in DNA of normal cells accumulate throughout our lives and have been linked to diseases such as cancer and diabetes. 

 In a study recently, an international team of researchers have analyzed the DNA in blood samples from a group of more than 1,600 elderly men. 

 They found that the most common genetic alteration was a loss of the Y chromosome in a proportion of the white blood cells. 

 The group of men was studied for many years and the researchers could detect a correlation between the loss of the Y chromosome and shorter survival. 

 "Men who had lost the Y chromosome in a large proportion of their blood cells had a lower survival, irrespective of cause of death. We could also detect a correlation between loss of the Y chromosome and risk of cancer mortality," says Lars Forsberg from Uppsala University. 

 "You have probably heard before that the Y chromosome is small, insignificant and contains very little genetic information. This is not true. Our results indicate that the Y chromosome has a role in tumour suppression and they might explain why men get cancer more often than women. We believe that analyses of the Y chromosome could in the future become a useful general marker to predict the risk for men to develop cancer," says Jan Dumanski, professor at the department of immunology at Uppsala. 

 An average Indian lived 4.6 years longer in 2008 compared to a decade earlier. An average Indian woman lived three years more than her male counterpart in 2008. 

 While the life expectancy at birth for women was 67.7 years, for men it stood at 64.6 years. This was an increase of 2.5 years and 1.8 years, respectively, when compared to the life expectancy (LE) in 2002. According to India's latest life expectancy data, an urban female lived 4.9 years longer than a rural female and 7.9 years longer than a rural male. 

 A woman living in rural Kerala had the highest life expectancy at birth across all categories at 77.2 years.

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