'Internal clock' in skin stem cells protects against UV rays

Human skin stem cells possess an 'internal clock' which helps them switch on genes involved in UV protection during the day, scientists have found. The findings could pave the way for new strategies to prevent premature ageing and cancer in humans.

"Our study shows that human skin stem cells possess an internal clock that allows them to very accurately know the time of day and helps them know when it is best to perform the correct function," said study author.

"This is important because it seems that tissues need an accurate internal clock to remain healthy," he said.

A variety of cells in our body have internal clocks that help them perform certain functions depending on the time of day, and skin cells as well as some stem cells exhibit circadian behaviours.

The team previously found that animals lacking normal circadian rhythms in skin stem cells age prematurely, suggesting that these cyclical patterns can protect against cellular damage.

But until now, it has not been clear how circadian rhythms affect the functions of human skin stem cells.

They found that distinct sets of genes in human skin stem cells show peak activity at different times of day.

Genes involved in UV protection become most active during the daytime to guard these cells while they proliferate – that is, when they duplicate their DNA and are more susceptible to radiation-induced damage.

"We know that the clock is gradually disrupted in aged mice and humans, and we know that preventing stem cells from accurately knowing the time of the day reduces their regenerative capacity," he said.

"Our current efforts lie in trying to identify the causes underlying the disruption of the clock of human skin stem cells and hopefully find means to prevent or delay it," he said.

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