How are the thyroid and cholesterol related?
Certain brands and strengths of medication for hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) have been recalled . This is due to the medications containing less of the active drug (levothyroxine) than they are supposed to.
Taking these tablets can lead to symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as fatigue, constipation, hair loss, and depression. Reduced effectiveness can be particularly dangerous for older adults and those who are pregnant.
A person should call their pharmacist to find out if their medication has been recalled. They should not stop taking the medication unless a healthcare professional has advised it.
High cholesterol is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Dietary and other lifestyle choices can lead to high cholesterol, but sometimes medical conditions, such as a thyroid disorder, may be involved.
Producing too many or too few thyroid hormones can increase the risk of unusual blood cholesterol levels.
The thyroid gland is located in the neck, and it produces specific hormones. The two main hormones it produces are triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
These hormones enter the bloodstream and have uses throughout the body. T3 is the active form of thyroid hormone, and the body utilizes it in its original state. Bodily enzymes can also convert T4 into active T3.
Thyroid hormones play a role in regulating:
- brain development in children
- body temperature
- metabolism
- growth and development
- the function of the heart, brain, muscle, and other organs
The pituitary gland secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to stimulate the thyroid to produce hormones. The thyroid gland also produces a hormone called calcitonin.
Thyroid problems
When the thyroid does not produce enough thyroid hormones, it is under-active. This is known as hypothyroidism. On the other hand, producing too many hormones leads to an overactive thyroid. This is called hyperthyroidism.
Almost 5 % of people aged 12 years or older in the United States have an under-active thyroid.
An under-active thyroid can cause the following symptoms:
- constipation
- depression
- dry skin and hair
- fatigue
- fertility issues
- heavy or irregular periods
- increased sensitivity to cold temperatures
- low heart rate
- pain in the muscles and joints
- reduced sweating
- weight gain
An underactive thyroid can result from an autoimmune condition, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis or due to the surgical removal of the thyroid.
Overactive thyroid is less common. Approximately 1.2% people in the U.S. have an overactive thyroid.
Symptoms of an overactive thyroid can include:
- diarrhea or frequent bowel movements
- difficulty sleeping
- fatigue
- increased sensitivity to heat
- mood changes
- muscle weakness
- nervousness or irritability
- rapid heart rate
- shaky hands
- weight loss
Several conditions and situations can cause an overactive thyroid. These include the autoimmune condition Graves' disease, inflammation of the thyroid, and excessive iodine use.