Alzheimer's- Can stress lead to Alzheimer’s disease? 6 signs of early onset AD you must know
ementia is a disorder in which there is a gradual decline in the functioning of the brain, including severe loss of memory
- Alzheimer’s disease is one of the types of dementia - but, all types of dementia are not Alzheimer’s disease
- More than 4 million people in India have some form of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, and this is expected to double by 2035
Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that affects more than 4 million people in India and over 50 million worldwide. It can cause a decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning abilities while affecting the brain. The disease is commonly known to affect adults aged 65 years and above. However, up to five per cent of those who are diagnosed have early onset Alzheimer’s disease, where the person may be in their 40s or 50s. Furthermore, being diagnosed at an early age can be challenging as the symptoms that appear can be a result of typical life events such as stress.
What are the symptoms of early onset of Alzheimer's disease?
While there is no definitive cure for the disease, a timely diagnosis is critical to preserve the quality of life. According to Dr Nithin Kumar, Consultant Neurology, Fortis Hospital, Cunningham Road, Bengaluru, a person may be developing early onset Alzheimer’s disease if you notice any of the following:
- Memory loss: One of the most common symptoms of early onset Alzheimer's is forgetting recently learned information. A person suffering from the condition may appear more forgetful than normal. For instance, he may forget dates and events regularly. Additionally, he might ask the same questions over and over again, and may highly rely on memory aids such as reminder notes and electronic devices.
- Difficulty completing familiar tasks: An individual with Alzheimer's may find it difficult to complete day-to-day tasks. Some people may have trouble driving to a familiar location and may experience immense difficulty with concentration.
- Trouble in deciphering visual images and spatial relationships: Some individuals may have problems in their eyesight where they are likely to have difficulty in reading, judging distance, determining colors, have issues while driving and likewise.
- Problem with words in verbal and written communication: The disease may hamper an individual's capability in following or joining a conversation. The individual may frequently put a pause in the middle of a conversation and maybe clueless on how to proceed with the conversation. They are likely to struggle with vocabulary, naming a familiar object, or using the wrong name. For instance, calling a bottle a watch.
- Decreased judgment: Individuals suffering from Alzheimer’s may experience changes in decision-making. A classic example would be making financial choices that may demonstrate poor judgment. Additionally, physical hygiene may not be given enough attention, and a rapid decline in bathing frequently and a lack of willingness to change clothing daily may be observed.
- Experiencing personality and mood changes: When suffering from Alzheimer’s, extreme mood and personality changes are likely to occur. The person is likely to be confused, depressed, anxious, frightened, or suspicious. Additionally, they may get upset easily when with friends or with family.
It is imperative to understand that the symptoms of Alzheimer's may aggravate over time. Thus, consulting your medical professional to manage the condition is advisable. Remember it is better to control the condition and lead a happy life than neglecting it.
Can Alzheimer’s disease be prevented?
There is no known way to prevent Alzheimer’s disease. However, some actions can be taken to reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease or dementia, said Dr Nirmala S Rao, MD, DPM, Aavishkar Clinic, Mumbai. These include - stopping smoking and limiting alcohol intake, eating a healthy, balanced diet and maintaining a healthy weight, taking medications regularly, exercising on a regular basis (like cycling or walking for at least 150 minutes every week)., etc. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease increases by many conditions like heart disease, diabetes, stroke, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, added Dr Rao.
Caring for a person with Alzheimer’s disease
Currently, there is no permanent cure for Alzheimer's disease, but medicines can help relieve some of the symptoms. Hence, an early Alzheimer’s diagnosis provides a better chance of benefiting from treatment. Caring for a person with Alzheimer’s or dementia frequently involves a team of people. The role of a caregiver changes depending on the stage and severity of the disease.
World Alzheimer’s Day is celebrated all on 21 September over the world to raise awareness about dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. As we observe the global event amid the pandemic, it’s important for family members and caregivers to give additional reminders or keep written notes and signs around the patient. Alzheimer’s disease does not increase the risk of a COVID-19 infection, however, research suggests that old age and other factors may pose a risk.