UV Protection is Important for Your Eyes
Most of us are aware of the dangerous effects ultraviolet (UV) rays have on
our skin, but not many realize the danger imposed on our eyes. However, while
it may seem obvious to put on sun block, how should we care for our eyes? Be it
from natural sunlight or artificial UV rays, UV radiation can cause significant
damage to the eye's surface tissues as well as the cornea and lens. The rays
may also burn the front surface of the eye, much like a sunburn on the skin.
What is UV radiation?
UV radiation consists of invisible rays from the sun. There are three types
of UV radiation: UVA, UVB, and UVC. While UVC rays do not pose any threat
(these rays are absorbed by the ozone layer) exposure to UVA and UVB can have
adverse effects on your eyes and vision.
Significant damage can be caused when exposed to these dangerous rays, both
short- and long-term. It is also important to note that UV radiation can also
be given off by artificial sources, like welding machines, tanning beds and
lasers.
What are the short-term effects?
If exposed to UV rays while unprotected, you are likely to experience an
effect called photokeratitis - an inflammation of the cornea caused by brief
exposure to UV radiation. This usually occurs when combined with cold wind and
snow. It is similar to a 'sunburn of the eye' and may be painful. Symptoms may
include red eyes, a foreign body sensation or a gritty feeling in the eyes. You
may also feel extreme sensitivity to light and experience excessive tearing.
This is usually temporary and rarely causes permanent damage to the eyes.
What are the long-term effects?
Long term exposure to UV rays can be more serious. Scientific studies and
research have shown that exposure to
small amounts of UV radiation over a period of years may increase the chance of
developing a cataract which may damage the retina - the lining of the eye that
is used for seeing. This damage is not reversible and may contribute to chronic eye diseases as
well as increase the risk of developing skin cancer around the eyelids.
Long-term exposure may also increase the risk of developing pterygium - a
growth that invades the corner of the eyes and the pinguecula - a yellowish,
slightly raised lesion that forms on the surface tissue of the white part of
your eye.
Protecting your eyes
It is important to wear quality sunglasses that offer good protection and a
wide-brimmed hat when outdoors. Your sunglasses should block 99% of both UVA
and UVB rays and screen out 75% to 90% of visible light. Sunglasses should also
be free of distortion and imperfection and have lenses that are gray for the
proper color recognition. Teenagers and children should also wear sunglasses
when outdoors. Kids especially are at a greater risk for developing serious
vision damage later in life without regular UV eye protection.