Type 2 diabetes in young adults: Symptoms, 10 tips to manage this condition and improve health

The number of people suffering from diabetes is rising at an alarming rate in India, requiring steps to address the situation urgently. An estimated 75 million people are said to be suffering from diabetes, wheres another 75 million have pre-diabetes, meaning they would go into diabetes very soon. But the problem is that many people do not know that they have diabetes and the condition is noticed only when they have a complication. Type 2 diabetes, in particular, is now becoming more prevalent in young adults, teens and children, accounting for roughly 90% of all diabetes cases worldwide.
Type 2 diabetes, which by definition, should affect only older adults with a family history of diabetes, obesity, unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyle, now strikes young adults in the country. Earlier youth diabetes registry showed that type 2 diabetes is striking young people even harder, with 1 in every 4 Indian youth diagnosed with the condition. The data suggested that people under 25 are increasingly at risk of type 2 diabetes, putting them at a greater risk of life-threatening complications, such as kidney damage and heart disease than individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes

What is type 2 diabetes? What are the signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes?

In type 2 diabetes, a person’s pancreas is still working but not as effectively as it needs to. Here, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin, or it resists insulin. It is a lifelong condition that causes the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood to become too high. Signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes include excessive thirst, frequent urination, tiredness or fatigue, increased hunger, weight loss, etc. It may also increase your risk of developing serious problems in your eyes, heart and nerves.

Tips to manage type 2 diabetes

There is no cure for diabetes - neither type 1 diabetes nor type 2 diabetes. But type 2 diabetes can sometimes initially be managed through lifestyle modification, which includes a healthy diet, regular exercise and monitoring your blood glucose levels. These include –

• Eating a healthy diet comprising a wide range of fresh fruits and vegetables, and whole grains.
• Keeping sugar, fat and salt to a minimum.
• Not skipping meals - ensure that you eat your breakfast, lunch, dinner every day.
• Staying physically active - aim for at least minutes of aerobic exercise five days of the week. It is also important to include stretching and strength training exercises in your fitness regime.
• Monitoring blood sugar on a regular basis.
• Keeping your blood pressure and cholesterol under control.
• Getting regular check-ups, including your eyes.
• Taking care of your teeth because diabetes can leave you prone to more-serious gum infections.
• Paying attention to your feet.
• Using diabetes medications and insulin therapy as prescribed by your doctor.

Truth is, dealing with diabetes during young adulthood can be particularly challenging, but careful management and taking action early can help you maintain health and reduce your risk of developing serious and life-threatening complications later on. So take steps during your young adult years to improve your overall health and well-being.

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