Sunday, July 17, 2016

Precision Medicine - A breakthrough in cancer treatment

Dr. Meenu Walia, Director of Max Oncology Centre at the Max Hospital, Patparganj, is the first DNB medical oncologist of India who has been the Principal Investigator of several Multi-Centric International Clinical Research trials where newer options for Cancer treatment are evaluated. ETHealthworld talks to Dr Walia to know more about the role of precision medicine in cancer treatment.

Why is precision medicine so important?

Precision medicine is a medical breakthrough which promises to open up great opportunities in personalised cancer care. According to recent medical research, everyone has unique genetic composition, as well as personal and molecular characteristics. Every human being leads a unique life in terms of environmental conditions and lifestyle. This is an important finding for a complex disease, such as cancer. Cancer is caused when the DNA composition in the cells suffers damage resulting in uncontrolled abnormal growth of cells known as cancerous cells. Factors that make precision medicine one of the most sought after medical approach are:

Its effectiveness and efficiency
Fewer side effects
Targeted treatment

What wonders can precision medicine work in cancer treatment?

According to a study by the NCBI, the total number of cancer cases in India is expected to cross 1,14,8757 by the year 2020.1 One way of looking at this figure is that there are 1,14,8757 unique cancer cases expected in the year 2020.

Precision medicine has finally come as an answer to one of the most challenging questions in cancer treatment. Scientists were puzzled as to why some cancer patients do not respond well to the best of the standard cancer treatment, while others do. The number of cancer cases is expected to rise considerably in the next five years in India. Precision medicine is certainly going to change the way cancer has been treated till date. It would give us more insights into cancer and hopefully would lead to better and effective outcomes. It also holds lots of promising new advancements in cancer care and early diagnosis.

How is precision medicine personalised?

Personalisation may take different forms when it comes to cancer. These include:
Cancer testing to determine whether a particular treatment would be effective in a particular case
Genetic profiling of the patient to understand whether he/she can handle a particular medicine or therapy
Profiling the genetical composition of a person with regard to genetic mutation to determine the degree of cancer risk

What is the current status of precision medicine in India?

Precision medicine in India is believed to be in its infancy. Although in its early stages, it still offers huge potential in terms of research and development and their application. Precision medicine has generated tremendous interest in the Indian medical fraternity. It has forced most of the industry players to rethink on their future strategies. India with its diversity and large population base would be an ideal testing ground for precision medicine. Patient information is the focal point of any precision medicine research; therefore it would need proactive involvement of patients.

What is the global scenario?

The scientist community has hailed precision medicine and is eager to adopt it as the latest medical advancement. The medical fraternity across the world has been working relentlessly in making precision medicine more affordable. Still, precision medicine has a long way to go before it is within the reach of a common man in India. Nevertheless, it has come as a ray of hope for many.

What does precision medicine mean for the medical fraternity and the stakeholders?

The recent announcement by the US government backing the precision medicine research and its clinical application has created a stir in the healthcare industry worldwide. Precision medicine has become the driving force for various stakeholders of the industry. Precision medicine based treatment approach has led almost all major pharmaceutical companies to conduct researches into it, to get the first mover advantage. Oncology, followed by neurology and cardiology branch of medical sciences are the ones, which would be getting the maximum benefit out of these research and development. The other medical science branches are would soon follow suit.

What is the scope for precision medicine in India?

Precision medicine is still in its early stage in India. However, it has opened up a novel approach to treat a deadly disease like cancer. It offers high potential and is much-needed in the Indian healthcare scenario, as the Indian health sector is overburdened with the ever-increasing epidemic ready to engulf the Indian population.

Most of the doctors agree on the fact that precision medicine is the next thing in medical practice and are keeping them abreast with the recent developments in this field. There would be major collaboration among the scientists, medical practitioners, IT, insurance and pharmaceuticals community to put in their best to tap the potential that precision medicine has on offer.


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