Gut bacteria may fight autoimmune diseases too

Gut bacteria which has evolved to aid us in digesting the yeast which gives bread and beer their bubbles may also help in fighting off yeast infections as well as autoimmune diseases including Crohn's disease, according to a new research.

The researchers informed that the findings of the study may speed up the development of prebiotic medicines to help those who are suffering from bowel problems and autoimmune disease.

The ability of Bacteroides thetaiotomicron, a common gut bacterium to degrade yeasts is almost exclusively present in human gut, the findings revealed. 

Eric Martens, Assistant professor at University of Michigan medical School said "One of the big surprises in this study was that B. thetaiotaomicron is so specifically tuned to recognise the complex carbohydrates present in yeasts, such as those present in beer, wine and bread." 

The mechanism by which B.Thetaiotaomicron learned to feast upon difficult to break down complex carbohydrates known as yeast mannans was unravelled in the research. 

Mannans are derived from yeast cell wall. These are a component in our diet from fermented food such as soy sauce, wine, bread, beer, as well as yeast which live in microbiome and are thought to cause harm in some cases. 

Martens adds "However, these bacteria turned out to be smarter than we thought: they recognise and degrade both groups of carbohydrates, but have entirely separate strategies to do so despite the substantial chemical similarity between the host and yeast carbohydrates." 

The study can be found in the journal Nature.

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