New theory blames 'gene activation' for cancer

Scientists have proposed a radical new theory that cancer 

may be caused by a set of genes that have been passed on 

from our early ancestors and are "switched on" in the initial 

stages of an organism's life as cells differentiate into 

specialist forms.

The genes that are involved in the early development of the 

embryo and that are silenced, or switched off, thereafter 

become inappropriately reactivated in the adult as a result 

of some sort of trigger or damage, such as chemicals, 

radiation or inflammation, researchers suggest.

Orthodox explanations suppose that cancer results from an 

accumulation of random genetic mutations, with the cancer 

starting from scratch each time it manifests. 

The theory,  suggests that cancer is a throwback to an 

ancient genetic "sub-routine" where the mechanisms that 

usually instruct cells when to multiply and die malfunctions, 

thus forcing the cells to revert back to a default option that 

was programmed into their ancestors long ago.

"To use a computer analogy, cancer is like Windows 

defaulting to 'safe mode' after suffering an insult of some 

sort," . The result of this malfunction is the start of a cascade 

of events that we identify as cancer - a runaway 

proliferation of cells that form a tumour, which eventually 

becomes mobile itself, spreading to other parts of the body 

and invading and colonising.

"Very roughly, the earlier the embryonic stage, the more 

basic and ancient will be the genes guiding development, 

and the more carefully conserved and widely distributed 

they will be among species,". Several research teams around 

the world are currently providing experimental evidence 

that shows the similarities between the expression of genes 

in a tumour and an embryo, adding weight to this theory.

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