This Surprising Protein May Lower Your Alzheimer's Risk by 27%, New Study Says
Key Points
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, affecting more than 6 million Americans—a number expected to roughly double by 2050. So far there's no cure, and the medications currently available only modestly slow its progression. That's part of why researchers are paying close attention to one of the few risk factors you can actually do something about: your diet.
A growing body of evidence points to specific foods and nutrients that may help keep your brain healthy as you age. Think: leafy greens, berries, fatty fish and olive oil. Eggs are a possible addition to that list. They're loaded with brain-supporting nutrients—including choline, the omega-3 fatty acid DHA, the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin and vitamin B12—but they've also been controversial because of their cholesterol content. Recent research has largely cleared eggs of the heart-health concerns once attached to them, which has opened the door to a closer look at what they might do for the rest of your body, including your brain.
A new study published in The Journal of Nutrition set out to answer a specific question: Could regularly eating eggs lower your risk of developing Alzheimer's disease? Researchers from Loma Linda University followed nearly 40,000 older adults for an average of 15 years to find out. Here's what they discovered.
How Was This Study Conducted?
Researchers drew their data from the Adventist Health Study-2, a long-running study of more than 96,000 Seventh-day Adventists across the United States and Canada that began in the early 2000s. Adventists are an interesting group to follow because they tend to be health-conscious, with low rates of smoking and drinking, and they eat a wide range of diets—everything from omnivorous to fully vegan—giving researchers a broad spectrum of egg intake to analyze.
For this analysis, the team focused on 39,498 participants who were 65 or older and enrolled in Medicare. Linking the cohort to Medicare claims allowed researchers to track who developed Alzheimer's disease over time using clinical diagnoses (a more reliable approach than relying on self-reported memory problems).
Participants completed a detailed food frequency questionnaire at the start of the study that asked how often they ate eggs, ranging from never or rarely to five or more times per week. The team also collected information on other parts of participants' diets, exercise habits, sleep, smoking, alcohol use and existing health conditions.
Over an average follow-up of 15.3 years, 2,858 participants were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. The researchers used statistical models to compare Alzheimer's rates across different egg-eating groups, adjusting for the many other factors that can influence dementia risk.
One note worth flagging: while the parent Adventist Health Study-2 was funded by the National Cancer Institute, this specific analysis was supported by a grant from the American Egg Board.
What Did the Study Find?
The results were striking. Compared with people who never or rarely ate eggs, those who ate eggs more often had a lower risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. This link held even after researchers accounted for other dietary patterns, lifestyle factors and health conditions.
The size of the reduction depended on how often participants ate eggs:
- One to three times per month: 17% lower risk
- Once per week: 17% lower risk
- Two to four times per week: 20% lower risk
- Five or more times per week: 27% lower risk
The researchers also looked at egg intake on a continuous scale and found something notable: People who ate zero eggs had a 22% higher risk of Alzheimer's than those who ate about 10 grams a day, roughly equivalent to one egg per week. In other words, even a modest amount of eggs appears to make a difference, and you don't have to eat them every day to see a benefit.
The study has some important limitations. Because it's observational, it can show an association between eating eggs and lower Alzheimer's risk, but it can't prove eggs directly caused the reduction. Diet was assessed only once at the start, so changes over time weren't captured. And because participants were largely white, older and health-conscious, the findings may not apply equally to everyone. The researchers also acknowledged that despite extensive statistical adjustments, other unmeasured factors could still play a role.
How Does This Apply to Real Life?
If you enjoy eggs, this study is reassuring: regularly including them in your diet may support brain health as you age—on top of providing a budget-friendly source of high-quality protein.
Researchers point to several nutrients in eggs that may explain the benefit, including choline (a building block of the memory-related neurotransmitter acetylcholine), the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin (which accumulate in brain tissue and have been linked to better cognitive performance), DHA omega-3s and vitamin B12.
Here are a few ways you can apply the findings to your own routine:
- Aim for at least an egg a week. Going from zero eggs to about one per week shifts you into the lower-risk zone in this study.
- Don't stress about overdoing it. Within the range studied, eating eggs more often was tied to slightly greater risk reductions, with no signal of harm.
- Think bigger than one food. No single food prevents Alzheimer's. Pair eggs with plenty of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish and healthy fats. Regular exercise, good sleep and social engagement are also linked to better brain health as you age.
Our Expert Take
A large new study in The Journal of Nutrition suggests that regularly eating eggs is associated with a 17–27% lower risk of Alzheimer's disease in older adults, with the biggest reduction appearing in people who ate eggs five or more times per week. This kind of research can't prove that eggs prevent Alzheimer's, but the findings add to growing evidence that small, sustainable food choices may make a real difference for long-term brain health.