If You Protect Your Skin But Not Your Eyes, Read This
Most of us are aware of the dangerous
effects ultraviolet (UV) rays have on our skin, but not many realize the
danger imposed on our eyes. However, while it may seem obvious to put
on sun block, how should we care for our eyes? Be it from natural
sunlight or artificial UV rays, UV radiation can cause significant
damage to the eye's surface tissues as well as the cornea and lens. The
rays may also burn the front surface of the eye, much like a sunburn on
the skin.
What is UV radiation?
UV radiation consists of invisible rays from the sun. There are three
types of UV radiation: UVA, UVB, and UVC. While UVC rays do not pose any
threat (these rays are absorbed by the ozone layer) exposure to UVA and
UVB can have adverse effects on your eyes and vision.
Significant damage can be caused when exposed to these dangerous rays,
both short- and long-term. It is also important to note that UV
radiation can also be given off by artificial sources, like welding
machines, tanning beds and lasers.
What are the short-term effects?
If exposed to UV rays while unprotected, you are likely to experience an
effect called photokeratitis - an inflammation of the cornea caused by
brief exposure to UV radiation. This usually occurs when combined with
cold wind and snow. It is similar to a 'sunburn of the eye' and may be
painful. Symptoms may include red eyes, a foreign body sensation or a
gritty feeling in the eyes. You may also feel extreme sensitivity to
light and experience excessive tearing. This is usually temporary and
rarely causes permanent damage to the eyes.
What are the long-term effects?
Long term exposure to UV rays can be more serious. Scientific studies
and research have shown that exposure to small amounts of UV radiation
over a period of years may increase the chance of developing a cataract
which may damage the retina - the lining of the eye that is used for
seeing. This damage is not reversible and may contribute to chronic eye
diseases as well as increase the risk of developing skin cancer around
the eyelids. Long-term exposure may also increase the risk of developing
pterygium - a growth that invades the corner of the eyes and the
pinguecula - a yellowish, slightly raised lesion that forms on the
surface tissue of the white part of your eye.
Protecting your eyes
It is important to wear quality sunglasses that offer good protection
and a wide-brimmed hat when outdoors. Your sunglasses should block 99%
of both UVA and UVB rays and screen out 75% to 90% of visible light.
Sunglasses should also be free of distortion and imperfection and have
lenses that are gray for the proper color recognition. Teenagers and
children should also wear sunglasses when outdoors. Kids especially are
at a greater risk for developing serious vision damage later in life
without regular UV eye protection.
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