ADA 2020: Empagliflozin reduces insulin need in diabetes patients
Treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin reduces dependency on insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), a recent study has suggested. The findings of the landmark EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial were presented at the American Diabetes Association 80th Scientific Sessions held from June 12-16, 2020.
According to the study, EMPA markedly delayed
the need for insulin initiation in those recently diagnosed and reduced the
need for large doses in those already on insulin treatment.
The results are deemed significant as the use of insulin in diabetes patients
increases the risk of weight gain and hypoglycemia. Moreover, insulin treatment
can be expensive, requires training, and is not generally preferred by
patients. Thus, reducing insulin dependency seems beneficial for both
practitioners and patients.
Muthiah Vaduganathan, Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center,
Boston, MA, and colleagues deployed 7020 patients in the trial. The patients
were treated with empagliflozin (EMPA) 10, 25 mg, or placebo (PBO). They were
followed for a median of 3.1 years. Changes in background glucose-lowering
therapy were allowed after the first 12 weeks. They assessed treatment effects
of pooled EMPA vs. PBO on time to new initiation of insulin among insulin-naïve
patients and time to total daily insulin dose increase by >20% among
insulin-treated patients.
Key findings of the study include:
In 3633 (52%) insulin-naïve patients, EMPA reduced need for insulin use vs. PBO by 54% (11.1% vs. 22.3%; HR 0.46), adjusted for key covariates.
In 3387 (48%) patients using insulin at baseline, EMPA reduced need for a >20% increase in insulin dose by 57% (19.1% vs. 36.8%; HR 0.43).
Reductions in incident insulin use was most pronounced in patients within 5 yrs of T2D diagnosis (HR 0.31 compared with T2D duration of >5-10 yrs (0.42) or >10 yrs (0.56).
In patients with T2D and CVD EMPA markedly and durably delays the need for
insulin initiation, more so in those recently diagnosed, and reduces the need
for large dose increases in those already using insulin.